Daniel N. Steven
is a Lawyer in Rockville, MD
Areas of Law
 - ......................... 40%Estates and Trusts
- ......................... 15%Publishing and Agency Agreements
- ......................... 15%Civil Litigation
- ......................... 10%Copyright and Intellectual Property
- ......................... 20%Other
Other Areas Of LawInternet Law; Business Organizations; Employment Agreements; General Business Law
Contact Information
| Currently Employed At |
216 North Adams Street
Rockville, MD 20850
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| Phone |
301-424-0677
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| Website |
www.dsattorney.com
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Experience & Credentials
| Admission Details | 1974, Maryland; 1975, District of Columbia |
| Payment Information |
- Accepts Amex, Mastercard, Visa
- Free Initial Consultation
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| Education | University of Rochester, B.A.; Washington University, J.D. | | Birth Information | Washington, D.C. | | Associations & Memberships | Bar Association of Montgomery County (Member, Estate Section and Intellectual Property Section); Maryland State Bar Association, Inc. (Member, Sports and Entertainment Law Section). | | Publications | A Very Brief History of Litigation
Copyright 2001 Daniel N. Steven
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Litigation is as old as civilized history: evidence of trials exists in the hieroglyphic stone tablets of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the scrolls of Rome and Greece, and even the ideographs of the Chinese dynasties.
For instance, Pliny the Youngest (Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus Junior) wrote: ?If a citizen?s concubine falleth beneath the wheels of a neighbor?s horse cart, the Praetor Urbanis should order that the neighbor payeth the cost of the physician?s cure, in recompense for the citizen?s suffering in being deprived of the concubine?s services. (Thrice the cost, if the horse cart shall not be equipped with side-view servants).? Pliny also implied that rich Romans?regardless of their social class?could influence the decisions of the Praetor through judicious offerings of ?tribute.? Of course, Pliny?s lisp makes him hard to understand.
It is also noteworthy that the ancient Romans allowed law to be practiced directly by the ?citizen,? without the necessity of a representative?a crude practice that was abolished, coincidentally, shortly before the Fall of the Empire.
Likewise, the third century Chinese scholar Shao Chin Tse-Tse wrote in his seminal history of the Tang Dynasty, Ten Percent Fruit Juice, ?The way of Confucius required that all disputes be brought before the Emperor by representatives of noble lineage, where justice was invariably served in favor of the petitioner who most enriched the Treasury.?
America, of course, derives its ?common law? system from Olde Englande, in contrast to the ?civil law? system of Europe. A complete discussion of the comparative merits of these systems is beyond the scope of this article and its author, but can best be summarized as the judge/jury dichotomy. In the English system, the jury is paramount; under the European model, it is the judge. Since it is easier to bribe or intimidate one person than twelve, the jury system is clearly preferable. This very virtue of the jury system was the genesis of American law: formulas to divert, sidetrack, and deflect the jurors from the truth.
Contract Law Primer
Copyright 2001 Daniel N. Steven
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Why Contracts Are In A Language You Can't Understand
Every profession has its own jargon, and law is no exception. Law's language is called legalese.
Lawyers don't necessarily use legalese to obfuscate, although that is a pleasant side effect. Rather, they use terms they know to be well-defined. Each word of legalese has a time and court-tested meaning.
For years, people have suggested that legal documents should be written in plain English, and some insurance companies now issue "plain English policies" which clearly explain how the company will deny coverage. Many states require all consumer contracts to be written in plain English, and the Federal Truth in Lending Act does the same for certain loan documents.
Occasionally, a public official will introduce legislation requiring government regulations to be clearly written, but, after consultation with her colleagues, will quickly regain her senses.
In virtually any business transaction, from a simple purchase of office supplies to a multi-million dollar corporate merger, a contract is required. Contracts can be a simple handshake, but more often are complex agreements designed by lawyers.
Negotiation
Before there's a contract, there's an offeror and an offeree. The offeror is the person making the offer. You should be able to figure who the offeree is. To be valid, the offeror must be able to answer the following questions:
What is being offered? (Subject Matter)
How many are being offered? (Quantity)
How much (Price)
Who played third base for the '63 Dodgers? (Sports)
The offeree can respond to an offer by making a counter-offer, which may modify one or all of the above elements. When both offeror and offeree have agreed on all of the terms, there is a "meeting of the minds" and bodily fluids are exchanged.
An offer ends upon the happening of any of the following:
a stated time to accept the offer has expired;
the offeror cancels the offer; and
the offer is unequivocally rejected by the offeree.
Contract Law Basics
What's a Contract?
A contract (or Agreement, it's the same thing) is a voluntary promise between two or more people to do something (or not to do something). Most types of contracts don't have to be in writing (a purchase in a retail store, for instance) although it's obviously tough to prove the existence of a contract otherwise.
All parties to the contract must be over 18 and mentally competent, and the mutual promises must be supported by the exchange of something of value, or what lawyers call consideration (good manners). Also, the purpose of the contract cannot be illegal: for instance, a contract for the sale of cocaine would not be enforceable, except in Hollywood.
A contract that meets these requirements will be enforced by the law, unless one of the parties is a professional athlete.
What if I'm drunk?
A common question. The courts usually will enforce the contract unless you were so obviously intoxicated that the other party must have known about your impaired state. Also, if you can show a medical history of alcohol abuse (preferably with blackouts and episodes of placing multiple orders for products advertised on the Home Shopping Network), the courts may void the contract.
What kind of contracts must be in writing?
This varies from state to state. In general, they include: contracts for the sale or lease of land; promises to be responsible for someone else's debts; contracts for the sale of goods worth more than $500 and for the sale of stocks and bonds; contracts to bequeath property in a will; and promises to marry. Your mileage may vary.
Nevertheless, it's a good idea to put all contracts in writing so that it is easier to prove their existence. Even an order form or receipt in a retail transaction can serve this purpose.
Do I need a lawyer to make a contract?
Not if you meet the maturity and mental health requirements set forth above. So you probably need one.
In the business world, it is often customary to use a pre-contract document called a "Letter of Intent." A Letter of Intent simply puts the offer into words, but gives the offeror a chance to back out. The following language should be used:
"This letter is not intended to be a binding contract, and until the contract is executed, neither party will be bound."
"Executed," by the way is legal shorthand for "signed." Makes you wonder.
Okay, what about a newspaper advertisement or web banner? Is that an offer?
Yes and no. The courts have ruled that an advertisement is really a semi-offer: only an expression of intent to sell. But if Battlin' Bert Blyleven, the Tire King, promises a set of recap snow tires to the first ten customers through the door on Saturday morning, that is an offer with respect to the snow tires, and it can be accepted by spending the night camped out in Bert's parking lot.
What's an option?
An irrevocable offer for which the offeree provides consideration. (Well, you asked). For instance, you might want to tie up some real estate until you can figure out whether you can afford it. If the Seller was willing, you could pay him $500 to give you the option to purchase the property at a specified price for a specified period of time. If you decide not to buy the property (perhaps because it didn't meet your specifications) you would lose your $500.
How do I accept an offer?
Say yes. Actually, every term of the offer must be accepted, or your acceptance of some terms and modification of others constitutes a counter-offer. And that makes you the offeror, and the original offeror becomes the offeree, and so on and so on...
Is there a minimum amount of consideration, or payment, necessary to make a contract valid?
No. In fact, consideration doesn't even have to be money. It can be any promise or act that induces the other party to enter into the contract. Lawyers, however, being conservative creatures, often put the following clause into contracts which otherwise would have no financial terms:
"The [one of the parties] hereto, in consideration of Ten and 00/100 Dollars in hand paid by [the other party], receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, agrees as follows..."
The theory behind this is that it will prevent the contract from being held invalid for "failure of consideration." This is unnecessary, but lawyers do it anyway.
Keep in mind that both parties must provide consideration: mutuality is very much part of the contract ritual. Each side has to give up something -- money, or a promise to do something they wouldn't otherwise do and which they are not already obligated to do. Otherwise, the contract is invalid.
What's an agent?
If you authorize someone to negotiate a contract on your behalf, that person is an agent. A literary agent is one example, but agency law (principal/agent relationships) occur in everyday life. The clothing salesperson who sold you the silk teddy with the zippered crotch didn't really own it, but had authority from the owner to sell it to you, even though your wife will fling it back into your face because what she really wants is intimacy.
Anyway, the law refers to the owner of the clothing store as the principal. As long as the agent doesn't exceed the authority of the principal (the conditions set by the owner as to price and other terms), the agent can bind the principal to a contract.
Can I make a contract to do something illegal?
You can make such a contract, but the courts will not enforce it: it's void. For example, if you make a contract with a biker gang to kidnap Rush Limbaugh and transport him, bound with telephone cord to his ego, across state lines to the Bronx, where he will be left on the street, naked and smeared with peanut butter and crack cocaine, I would shake your hand.
What if the contract isn't illegal, but is immoral?
It's enforceable. However, in rare cases a legal contract might not be enforced because it is against public policy.
Okay, I understand that an illegal contract can't be enforced. But what if someone forces me to sign a legal contract? Or tricks me into signing?
You've stumbled into a fertile area of litigation: In addition to the reasons mentioned above, such as lack of consideration and being underage or incompetent, you can get out of a contract by using the following defenses:
duress (the other guy was holding a gun to your head)
economic duress (the other guy was holding money to your head)
fraud (the other guy didn't give you all the facts, or lied to you)
undue influence (The other guy is your father)
mistake (you made a mistake regarding a material part of the contract -- but only if the other guy knew about your mistake and deliberately didn't correct it. This defense is not available in all states)
unconscionability (the contract is so one-sided as to "shock the conscience of the court." )
Impossibility of performance (It just can't be done)
Each of these defenses to a contract may make the contract either void or voidable.
The Difference Between Void and Voidable
This has nothing to do with urinary retention. If a contract is void, it will not be enforced by a court even if all the parties agree that it should be enforced. If a contract is voidable, it means that one of the parties has the right to make the contract void, but doesn't have to. For example, if you are tricked into signing a contract, the contract is still valid until you declare it to be void. This distinction can be very important to "third parties" (other people) who may rely on the contract.
Breach of Contract
What's a breach of contract?
A breach is the failure by one party to live up to his or her responsibilities under a contract, without a legal defense or excuse (see above), or a note from their mother.
Usually a breach involves either a failure to perform as promised, or keeping the other party from performing as promised. After a breach occurs, the other party can seek remedies for the failure, including money damages.
What constitutes a failure to perform?
The failure must involve more than just an incidental part of the required performance: it must be a material failure. For instance, if you hire a roofer who satisfactorily repairs a leak but leaves construction debris on your lawn, the failure to clean up is not a breach of the contract (unless you specifically made cleaning-up an essential part of the contract). If, however, the roof still leaks, the contract was breached by the roofer and you would be justified in refusing to pay her.
Time of performance is often an area of dispute. In general, even though a specific time for performance is described in a contract ("Buyer will pay $1000 on Thursday"), the failure to perform on that date is not a material breach. The courts usually will allow a "reasonable" amount of time after the time specified in the contract for performance. If you absolutely, positively, want performance at a certain time and date, you must use a "Time is of the Essence" clause:
"Time is of the essence of this contract; if either party shall fail to perform its obligations agreed to herein, at the time fixed for the performance of such respective obligations by the terms of this contract, such failure shall be deemed a breach of this contract."
What if the other party won't let me perform my promises under the contract?
That is called impossibility of performance, such as a Congressional candidate's promise to reform the income tax laws. If the other party won't let you perform your obligations, the other party, not you, is in breach. A close relative of this concept is anticipatory repudiation, where one party states, before his performance is due, that he will not perform a material part of his obligations under the contract. That also is a breach of the contract.
O.K., so the other guy breached the contract. Now what?
First, notify the breaching party that you consider them to be in breach, and give them an opportunity to remedy the breach. If that doesn't work, you'll have to consult a lawyer.
Yeah, but I don't want to spend three years in court. Isn't there another way?
You can try the latest litigation innovation: Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Usually involving mediation or arbitration by a neutral party, it can be significantly cheaper, in both time and money, than litigation. Unfortunately, you can't force the other party to participate in ADR unless there is an ADR clause in the contract. Therefore, you should consider putting the following clause in all major contracts in which you become a party:
Any controversy or claim arising out of, or relating to, this contract, shall be settled by arbitration, in accordance with the rules, then obtaining, of the American Arbitration Association, and judgment on the award rendered may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof.
Unfortunately, American Arbitration Association arbitration hearings also can be expensive and time consuming, and often favor the side that has more resources. Ideally, you should substitute a local voluntary trade association or even individuals to decide the dispute.
The Reasonable Person
If you've been paying attention, you've noticed the word "reasonable" appears a lot in discussion of contract law. In contracts -- as well as other areas of litigation -- the law is always concerned with what the "reasonable person" would do. (When the author was in law school, it was still called the "reasonable man" standard. Since then, however, male-dominated courts have grudgingly acknowledged that women also can be reasonable). The reasonable person standard is applied to almost every dispute, in an attempt to bring a degree of objectivity to what are essentially subjective human relationships. For instance, in a civil case involving an automobile accident, the court would consider what a "reasonable person" would have done in a particular situation. The same is true in the area of contracts. If you are in a dispute over whether a contract exists, the meaning of a contract term, or whether there is a breach, the reasonable person standard will usually be applied.
Remedies
If you sue for breach of contract -- and win -- you usually are entitled to compensatory damages. This is the amount of money necessary to put you in the same position as if the contract had not been breached: to give you the "benefit of the bargain." If, for instance, you sold the rights to your web domain name in exchange for installment payments of $50,000 a year for three years, and the buyer fails to make the third payment because he has been deported to Pakistan, a court would award you $50,000 in compensatory damages.
Punitive damages may be awarded if the breaching party's behavior was offensive to the court. Unfortunately, punitive damages are generally not available in breach of contract actions unless fraud is involved.
Liquidated damages are available when provided for in the contract: the term refers to a predefined monetary amount to be paid by the breaching party in the event of a breach. Liquidated damage provisions will be enforced by the courts as long as they are not grossly out of line with the amount of actual damages; if so, they will be considered a penalty, not damages, and won't be enforced.
In addition to money damages, a court may, in certain circumstances, order specific performance of a contract term or provision. This remedy is available only when damages would be inadequate to compensate for the loss to the innocent party, usually occurring when "one of a kind" property is involved. For instance, if a Seller breaches a real estate contract, the Buyer would want the court to order the Seller to transfer the property to the Buyer. Damages alone would be inadequate, since the money would not allow the Buyer to get the "benefit of the bargain."
Other remedies available to a court include recision (cancellation) and reformation (rewriting) the contract.
Special Types of Contracts
Leases. Leases are contracts involving the use of property or personal services for a specified period of time. Most states have a separate body of law for dealing with such contracts, and require that leases for real estate of more than one year must be in writing.
Warranties. Special obligations on the part of a seller or vendor. Federal law covers warranties for consumer merchandise; it does not require that merchants make such warranties, but sets the terms of the warranties. Most warranties exclude "consequential damages": damages caused by a defective product in addition to the cost of repairing or replacing the product.
Copyright Basics
Copyright 2001 Daniel N. Steven
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What Is Copyright?
Copyright is a form of protection given to the authors of original works, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. Copyright protection is provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) and most other countries, and is available both to published and unpublished works.
Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:
to reproduce the work in copies or electronic form;
to prepare derivative works based upon the work;
to distribute copies (electronic or paper) of the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
to perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works;
to display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; and
in the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.
Who Can Claim Copyright Protection?
In the United States, copyright protection attaches automatically from the time the work is created in fixed form. For example, if you are writing an article or book, the instant you lift your pen from paper or save your word processing file, you have copyright protection in the document created..
The copyright belongs to the author who created the work (except for "made for hire" work). Only the author or those "deriving their rights through the author" can rightfully claim copyright. The authors of a joint work are co-owners of the copyright in the work, unless there is an agreement to the contrary.
Copyright in each separate contribution to a periodical or other collective work is distinct from copyright in the collective work as a whole and vests initially with the author of the contribution.
How Do I Claim Copyright Protection?
This is probably the most frequently misunderstood element of copyright law. Many authors still believe that a formal copyright registration must be made in order to obtain copyright protection, and/or that a work must first be published to qualify for copyright protection. As noted above, however, copyright is automatic when the work is created, and a work is "created" when it is fixed in a copy or recorded for the first time. Publication is no longer the key to obtaining federal copyright. (Before 1978, federal copyright was generally secured by the act of publication with notice of copyright.)
"Copies" as defined by the Copyright Act are material objects from which a work can be read or visually perceived either directly or with the aid of a machine or device, such as books, manuscripts, sheet music, film, videotape, or microfilm. "Phonorecords" are material objects embodying fixations of sounds (excluding, by statutory definition, motion picture soundtracks), such as cassette tapes, CDs, or LPs. Thus, for example, a song (the "work") can be fixed in sheet music ("copies") or in phonograph disks (" phonorecords"), or both.
If a work is prepared over a period of time, the part of the work that is fixed on a particular date constitutes the created work as of that date.
What Can NOT Be Copyrighted?
There are several important categories of original material that are NOT eligible for federal copyright protection. The chief exceptions -- the ones that most people ask about -- are for ideas, titles, names, short phrases, and slogans. These cannot be copyrighted, no matter how original or unique they may seem. Other exceptions include:
works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression (for example, choreographic works that have not been notated or recorded, or improvisational speeches or performances that have not been written or recorded);
familiar symbols or designs; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring; mere listings of ingredients or contents;
procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, as distinguished from a description, explanation, or illustration; and
works consisting entirely of information that is common property and containing no original authorship (for example: standard calendars, height and weight charts, tape measures and rulers, and lists or tables taken from public documents or other common sources).
Do I Need a Notice of Copyright?
No, the use of a copyright notice is no longer required under U. S. law. Nevertheless, it is advisable to use it. (Because the previous copyright law required notice, its use is still relevant to the copyright status of older works.)
Why use a notice? Using a copyright notice informs the public that the work is protected by copyright, identifies the copyright owner, and shows the year of first publication. Furthermore, in the event that a work is infringed, if a proper notice of copyright appears on the published copy or copies to which a defendant in a copyright infringement suit had access, the defendant may not claim "innocent infringement" in mitigation of actual or statutory damages. (Innocent infringement occurs when the infringer did not realize that the work was protected.)
The use of the copyright notice is the responsibility of the copyright owner and does not require advance permission from, or registration with, the Copyright Office.
The copyright notice on "visually perceptible copies" (i.e., print, web pages, computer text files) should contain all the following three elements:
The symbol © (the letter C in a circle), or the word "Copyright," or the abbreviation "Copr."; and
The year of first publication of the work. In the case of compilations or derivative works incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the compilation or derivative work is sufficient. The year date may be omitted where a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or any useful article; and
The name of the owner of copyright in the work, or an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of the owner.
Example: © 2001John Doe
Position of Notice
The copyright notice should be placed on copies in such a way as to "give reasonable notice of the claim of copyright." The three elements of the notice should ordinarily appear together on the copies or phonorecords or on the phonorecord label or container. The Copyright Office has issued regulations concerning the form and position of the copyright notice in the Code of Federal Regulations (37 CFR Section 201.20).
How Long Does My Copyright Last?
For works originally created on or after January 1, 1978, the work is automatically protected from the moment of its creation for the author's life plus an additional 70 years after the author's death. In the case of "a joint work prepared by two or more authors who did not work for hire," the term lasts for 70 years after the last surviving author's death. For works made for hire, and for anonymous and pseudonymous works (unless the author's identity is revealed in Copyright Office records), the duration of copyright will be 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter.
Can I Transfer My Copyright?
Yes. A copyright is personal property and may be transferred by gift or for a fee, and may be bequeathed by will or pass as personal property by the applicable laws of intestate succession.
Should I Register My Copyright?
It depends. As noted above, registration is not necessary to obtain copyright protection, although registration is necessary as a prerequisite to filing a copyright infringement suit. In addition, the law confers certain benefits to copyright owners who formally register. They are:
registration establishes a public record of your copyright.
if made before or within 5 years of publication, registration will establish prima facie evidence in court of the validity of the copyright and of the facts stated in the certificate.
if registration is made within 3 months after publication of the work or prior to an infringement of the work, statutory damages (specific amounts) and attorney's fees will be available to the copyright owner in court actions. Otherwise, only an award of actual damages and profits is available to the copyright owner.
registration allows the owner of the copyright to record the registration with the U. S. Customs Service for protection against the importation of infringing copies.
Generally, if you have written or created a major work, it is advisable to register before or at the time of publication.
When Can I Register?
Registration may be made at any time within the life of the copyright. Unlike the law before 1978, when a work has been registered in unpublished form, it is not necessary to make another registration when the work becomes published, although the copyright owner may register the published edition, if desired. Usually this is done only if the work is substantially altered in its published form.
How Do I Register?
To register a work, send the following three elements in the same envelope or package to:
Library of Congress
Copyright Office
101 Independence Avenue, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20559-6000
http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/
A properly completed application form.
A nonrefundable filing fee of $45 (effective July 1, 2006) for each application.
A nonreturnable deposit of the work being registered. The deposit requirements vary in particular situations. For more information, see the Copyright Office web site.
What is Work "Made for Hire?"
Under the "work for hire" doctrine, the author of a work for copyright purposes may be a publisher or employer rather than the actual creator. Section 101 of the copyright law defines a "work made for hire" as:
a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment; or
a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as:
a contribution to a collective work
a part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work
a translation
a supplementary work
a compilation
an instructional text
a test
answer material for a test
a sound recording
an atlas
For example, everything written by New York Times reporters is under the the copyright of the Times, not the individual reporter. The Times is the author for copyright purposes. Under recent court decisions, there can be no "implied" work for hire between publishers and freelance writers or artists -- "made for hire" must be specified in a written contract.
What is "Fair Use?"
The "Fair Use" doctrine is a major exception to copyright protection. Section 107 of the Copyright Act provides that "the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords . . . for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. "
Four factors are to be considered in order to determine whether a specific action is to be considered a "fair use." These factors are as follows:
the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
the nature of the copyrighted work;
the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
Unfortunately, the interpretation of these factors can often be difficult and lead to conflicting results. When in doubt, an attorney should be consulted.
Is My Copyright Protected in Other Countries?
Not necessarily. Although there is no such thing as an "international copyright" that will automatically protect an author's writings throughout the entire world, most countries do offer protection to foreign works under certain conditions, and these conditions have been greatly simplified by international copyright treaties and conventions. | | Additional Bio Details | Served as an editor and senior executive at a major publisher and an Internet start-up. Lectures in the field of publishing law, writes legal columns for writer's organizations. Frequently appears as a panelist on intellectual property issues. Associate General Counsel, Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, 1974. Author: "Health Care Practice Management," WG&L, 1995. Co-author: "The Street Smart Writer," Nomad, 2006. Associate Attorney, Goldberg, Waldman, Days & Jones, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 1976. Founding Partner, Waldman, Steven & Diamond, Chartered, Bethesda, Maryland, 1978. Chairman, Contracts and Grievances Committee, Mystery Writers of America, Inc. Past President, Board of Trustees of The Harbor School in Bethesda. |
Office Information
Daniel N. Steven
216 North Adams Street
Rockville, MD 20850
|