Ministry of Finance, 1966-1969, 1973-1977, 1980-1981, 1986-1988, 1990-1992; Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), 1969-1971; Tomakomai Tax Office (Director), 1971-1972; Musashi-Fuchu Tax Office (Director), 1972-1973; Consulate-General of Japan in Los Angeles, 1977-1980; National Tax Agency, 1988-1989; Cabinet Legislative Bureau, 1981-1986, 1992-2004, Director-General, 2004-2006. Special Visiting Professor, Meiji University, Graduate School of Governance Studies, 2007—.