University Attended:
University of Maine, B.A., 1975; Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, M.A., 1978
Law School Attended:
University of North Dakota, J.D., 1982
Year of First Admission:
1983
Admission:
1984, North Dakota; 1984, U.S. District Court, North Dakota; 1987, U.S. Tax Court and U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit; 1992, U.S. Supreme Court; 2001, U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York; 2005, U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth and Federal Circuits; 2010, U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit